Results And Discussion On Weight Loss - 1734 Words

3 Results And Discussion 3.1 Wear Test Figure 4 shows the results of loss in weight for the samples as a function with the applied load. It has been found that the wear behavior of unreinforced alloy is higher compared with the composites. This behavior back to the hard ceramic material protects the surface from the severe contact [30–32]. The results given in figure 5 show that the weight loss decreases as the percentage of the nano SiC particles increases from 0.5% to 4.5%. This could be occurred because the ceramic material on the composite surface protects the matrix from severe contact. Figure 4 reveals also, that when the applied load increases, the wear rate of all investigated samples increases. Conditions of the severe wear were clearly seen from the rate of weight loss. The recognized pattern is steady with that perceived by Alpas and Zhang [33] they propose the wear rate increment bit by bit with the connected load in the gentle wear area. Then again, at a discriminating load that relies upon sliding speed, the wear rate suddenly increments reflect the condition termed serious wear. From figure 6 we can see that the composites weight loss is less than that of matrix alloy. The obtained weight loss results show that no single, unique wear mechanism operates over the wide range of the used weight (0- 4.5%). Rather, there are several mechanisms while the change in their relative importance as both the weight % of nano ceramic particles was varied and theShow MoreRelatedThe Health Belief Model Of The United States1367 Words   |  6 Pageswhich the individual believes that the consequences of overweight or obesity applies to them personally (Sharafkhani, et al. 30). For example, if the individual believes that they are unlikely to become diabetic or to develop high blood pressure as a result of being overweight or obese, the perceived susceptibility is low. If, however, the individual has several family members who have been diagnosed with hypertension or diabetes, they would be more inclined to believe that they have a high susceptibilityRead MoreDiffusion Of Dye Through Agar Gel Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationship of molecular weight and that rate of diffusion through a membrane. Hypothesis of this experiment is that the fluid with higher molecular weight will diffuse at a slower rate and distance. METHODS AND MATERIALS: DIFFUSION OF DYE THROUGH AGAR GEL In order to assimilate diffusion through a permeable membrane potassium permanganate and methylene blue were used in experiment. The objective was to compare the rates at which the liquid compound of different molecular weight diffused through agarRead MoreBio. Lab. Report - Membrane Transport933 Words   |  4 Pagesglass slide; 2. The glass slide is slowly lowered down on the epidermal layer using the needle; 3. The onion cells are examined through the microscope; 4. The structure of the onion cells is drawn as observed under the microscope. Results amp; Observations: In the hypotonic solution the water will move from the solution to the onion cells which will become bigger. PART 2 Procedure: 1. The distilled water is removed using the filter paper; 2. A drop of 5% of sucroseRead MoreLab Report Tansport Across Membrane1672 Words   |  7 PagesRepeat step (v – vii) using 30% (w/v) sucrose solution. IX. Compare the structure of onion cells in solutions at different concentrations. Results : | The onion cells in distilled water under microsope | | The onion cells in 5% (w/v) sucrose solution under microsope | | The onion cells in 30% (w/v) sucrose solution under microscope | Discussion : In this experiment we had done 3 different solutions to see the effects of these solutions with plant cells (onion cells). For hypotonic solutionRead MoreQuantitative Determination of Sulphate By Gravimetric Analysis1637 Words   |  7 Pageswater and dried in the oven at 150 degree Celsius for about half an hour and cooled in the desiccator, and weighed as barium sulphate and the percentage of sulphate was calculated from the weight of barium sulphate. The Molarity of sulphate= 0.004269 M and the concentration of sulphate in g/L= 0.4098g/L. The weight of barium sulphate was calculated to be 0.0249g. There were also no hiccups during the experiment. (133 words) OBJECTIVE To determine the amount of sulphate by gravimetric analysis. StudentsRead MorePaper On Weight Loss1147 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Integrating Technology into Standard Weight Loss Treatment† was published in JAMA Internal Medicine on December 10, 2012. The randomized controlled trial was conducted by Bonnie Spring, PhD, et al. The primary author is affiliated with the Department of Preventive Medicine at Northwestern University. In this study, the research team questioned if intensive obesity treatment could be made scalable by introducing mobile health technology. Based on prior research by Appel and colleagues, it was hypothesizedRead MoreA Research on Obesity and Diabetes Plaguing African-American Women656 Words   |  3 PagesR., Grogan, R., Cooper, L., Strobino, D., Powe, N., Nicholson, W. (2008). Weight loss programs for urban-based, postpartum African-American women: perceived barriers and preferred components. Maternal Child Health Journal, 12(1), 119-127. Abstract (from CINHAL) There are currently 1.85 million reproductive-aged women in the United States with diabetes or glucose intolerance. While it is known that postpartum weight retention can lead to obesity and diabetes, particularly among African-AmericanRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On The United States886 Words   |  4 Pagesuniversity is typically associated with students having a greater autonomy over their choices in diet (namely, food preparation and purchasing) and increased sedentary time due to studies. As a result, students face a greater risk of considerable weight gain. Indeed, research studies have found that significant weight gain takes place during university. In addition to decrease in physical activity, students are exposed to consuming commercially prepared food and take-away meals. These factors lead to anRead MoreLos Angeles Abrasion Test974 Words   |  4 Pageswith an abrading and grinding action until the self plate impacts and the cycle is repeated. After the prescribed number of revolutions, the contents are removed from the drum and the aggregate portion is sieved to measure the degradation as percent loss. 2.0 Objective a) The objective of this test is to ascertain the degradation of aggregates by abrasion and impact. 3.0 Apparatus/Equipments The apparatus used in this test are : a. Los Angeles abrasion machine (plate 2) b. Sieves (19mm

All Opposing Parties Must Be Citizens Of Different States...

All opposing parties must be citizens of different states to allow for removal to federal court. 28 U.S.C  §1332(a)(1) (2016). In Strawbridge v. Curtiss, the court held that there must be complete diversity. Strawbridge V. Curtiss, 7 U.S. 267, 267 (1806). The court stated there is complete diversity only when all the persons on one side of the controversy are citizens of different states from all persons on the opposing side. Id. To remove, there must be proof of complete diversity of the parties. If International Life finds that one party shares citizenship with an opposing party, it cannot remove under 28 U.S.C  §1332. In a similar case, Mas v. Perry, the court ruled that state citizenship is dependent on the individual’s domicile†¦show more content†¦Additionally, her husband was domiciled in California, and marriage caused no change in domiciliary. There are no facts that suggest an alternative ruling is proper. Similarly, Maloney has worked in Oakland for several decades as a senior sales person for International Life. Maloney owns property in Oakland and plans to vote in the November elections. He has no present intention to sell his home. But, he occasionally visits corporate headquarters, but always returns to Oakland. As ruled in Mas, domicile is determined by Maloney’s true and fixed home and his intention to return. Mas v. Perry, 489 F.2d at 1400. The evidence indicates he always intends to return to his home. Additionally, the longevity of his employment suggests an attachment to the area. It is probable that the court will hold that Malone is domiciled in California. International Life must demonstrate that it is a citizen of Delaware and Connecticut, not California. According to 28 U.S.C.  §1332(c)(1), a corporation is a citizen of every state where it is incorporated and where its principal place of business is. 28 U.S.C.  §1332 (c)(1) (2016). In Hertz Corp. v. Friend, the court clarified that a corporation’s principal place of business is the â€Å"nerve center.† Hertz Corp. v. Friend, 559 U.S. 77, 93 (2010). The nerve center is where a corporation’s officers direct, control, and coordinate the corporation’s activities. Id. This is where the corporation maintains itsShow MoreRelatedBlotter System9115 Words   |  37 Pagesterm for a  village,  district  or  ward. It is the smallest local government unit in the Philippines that is governed from the Barangay hall by the Barangay officials. The Barangay hall serves as the shoulder that citizens can lean on in terms of some problems, misunderstanding , conflicts with their kabarangays and other help that they need. The hall is where the Barangay officials manages all the things with regards to their Barangay that’s why it should have a good and well manage Justice System. A good

Association Earning Of Not Liable Income †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Association To The Earning Of The Not Liable Income? Answer: Introducation According to section 8-1 of ITAA 1997, deductible expenses are of two kinds; firstly, the one which is incurred while earning the measurable income, and secondly, incurred on continuing the business from which the measurable capital is earned. Expelling of the expenses are only done for the ones which are not private/domestic, capital in nature also including the ones which are in association to the earning of the not liable income (Pratt Kulsrud, 2013). The cost of moving machinery to a new site It is to be noted that the expense required to purchase a new machine and to shift it from the purchasing site to the required destination is capital in nature. This is because the shifting charge is also included in the buying cost and termed as the capital cost of machinery purchasing. This type of capital coat is never taken into consideration as per the 8-1 section of ITAA and is not treated as deductible expenses. The expenses spent on the machinery shall always be summed up with the capital cost on the basis that it is old machinery or new machinery (Gilders Walpole, 2016). For instance, if the machinery is new then the total costs spent on it till date shall be added to the capital cost and termed as the capital of the asset. Other expenses include transportation expenses and commissioning expenses. But considering the cost of transportation of the old machinery to a new destination, then the particular expense can be defined as a deductible expense. It was held in the case o f W Neville Co v FCT (1937) that expenses those connected with a business purpose must be allowed as deduction. The cost of revaluing assets to effect insurance cover The amount spends in the revaluing the property of the company so as to claim release is only accepted if the received amount is used for regenerating the loss of income which is wholly or partially related to the assessable income of the company. Insurances can be claimed by the company only upon the rise of two cases. Firstly, if the insurance has been claimed for some machinery that has been capital in nature, and now has been destroyed by some risen situations. In this, the claim has been made to recover the machinery loss (Fullerton et. al, 2017). It shall be very obvious in this case that the insurance money provided can only be used in the recovery of the loss and in no case can be shown in the income statements of the companys business. According to the second way, if the claims are made for the asset loss which has been shown as stocks in trade then, these assets are directly taken into account as for the business and related to the assessable income because they are not capital in nature. All this is obviously done to provide profits to the business and so are termed as business expenses. But all these expenses should be recorded in the profit and loss accounts of the company and used for the recovery of the lost assets (Fullerton et. 2017). Thus, if the revaluing of the assets is done then the expenses claimed are allowable as per the section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997. It was held in the case of Charles Moore Co (WA) P/L v FC of T (1956) that financial transactions that form a part of the business activities must be deductible. According to section 8-1 of ITAA 1997, deductible expenses are of two kinds; firstly, the one which is incurred while earning the measurable income, and secondly, incurred on continuing the business from which the measurable capital is earned. Expelling of the expenses are only done for the ones which are not private/domestic, capital in nature also including the ones which are in association to the earning of the not liable income (Gilders Walpole, 2016). So according to the given case, if it is taken into account with the s 8-1 then, the costs claimed by the company with an unfavorable decision for the winding up is not in association with the s 8-1. This situation arises because the claims put up are neither for earning assessable income and neither to continue the business for earning the assessable income. The total cost paid by the company should be checked regularly so as to not let it turn into big numbers because it will not be treated as the money spent on the companys business. It was held by the Federal court in the case of FC of T v Cooper (1991) that the expenses incurred by the tax payer to carry on the operations and in the normal course of business must be considered as a deduction. But the expense shown in the case is a legal cost which has been claimed for the continuance of the business so as to earn the assessable income and thus this type of cost is perfectly allowed to be claimed as per the section 25-5. According to section 8-1 of ITAA 1997, deductible expenses are of two kinds; firstly, the one which is incurred while earning the measurable income, and secondly, incurred on continuing the business from which the measurable capital is earned. Expelling of the expenses are only done for the ones which are not private/domestic, capital in nature also including the ones which are in association to the earning of the nonliable income (Kobestky, 2005). In the explained matter it is very clear that all the expenses claimed in the case are not at all subjected to any category wise division. There is no expense separately tagged as private or revenue or any other. All the claimed costs are just defined as for business purposes only. Also, the claimed expenses have been shown as an effort to recover the capital which is a portion of the assessable income. It was held in the case of W Neville Co v FCT (1937) that expenses related to business activity would appear in the deductible expenses. It is also seen that if the expenses are categorized than the legal costs for the mortgaging purpose would obviously appear to be out of the section 8-1 because of its capital nature and would not be part of the deductible expenses while the other ones would surely be included. From the above discussion, it is clear that for expenses to be considered as an allowable expense it must have a direct bearing on the business activity and must be done in the business course. There are various expenses that are incurred while conducting the business and the above situation clearly stresses that there must be an establishment with the business activities. The ones that do not fall under the ambit of the business activity is altogether ignored. The Big Bank Ltd is a national level insurance company which is GST registered and has over 50 branches, a 10-storey office, and various call centers to communicate with its customers. For a long time, the company has been facilitating its customers with its services in Australia. The launch of the home and contents policies by the company is a crucial step in expanding its business but the company is willing to install a new accounting system as the company is now GST registered and from now on the amounts collected by premium policies will be GST charged (Kenny et. al, 2017). So for undertaking this idea promotion has to be done. A similar instance was observed in the case of Rio Tinto Services Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation [2015] FCA 94 where the federal court came to a conclusion that the taxpayer would not be able to input tax credits on acquisitions that are in tune to the input tax supplies a GST supplies. If a direct link has been established then the acquisition is defined as partly creditable. A thorough decision on the part of the company has been taken to expand its business through the medium of advertising so as to begin its era into the insurance field with a bang. Printing media, television, radio are some of the base methods adopted by the company to advertise its business (Khadem, 2017). The Big Bank Ltd was ready and spent a huge amount of $16,50,000 for the advertising purposes only. This massive amount spent includes $5,50,000 for only promoting the newly launched product of the company. The remaining amount left was spent in advertising for the facilities that the company already had from before. The promotional advisor proposed a tax invoice of $16,50,000 to the company. As the company is GST registered so the Big Bank Ltd is allowed to enjoy the profits earned as per the GST credits provided if it is claimed (Nethercott et. al, 2013). The Big Bank Ltd is able to enjoy the GST credits on the advertising tax credit because the amount spent by them is taken into consideration as business expenses and can be used only for business purposes. This expense made by the company cannot be treated as capital in nature because it is not long-lasting and has to be proposed time to time and so it is wise to summon them up together and depict them as a positive feature of the company. Whenever the company makes any transaction in association with the expense for the principles of the company, and if this made transaction includes GST then in such cases the company has the full power to exercise control on the credits of the GST as the company paid for it (Barcokzy, 2010). This type of credits enjoyed is termed as GST credits or input tax credits. The expenses incurred for the purchase of goods and supplies are for the purpose of business and not for personal use. The price at which the items or supplies are purchased includes GST. A consideration is to be paid for the purchasing of items or supplies. The items or supplies provider has proposed a tax invoice for the meticulous possessions or supplies and that includes GST. Conclusion No matter the amount spent is massive but it all finally comes under the portion of advertising for which the company has paid GST. The tax invoice of $16,50,000 comprised of the television advertisement worth of $5.50.000 and the left over the amount for other promotional mediums. All this will help in expanding the business while it is only 2% of the companys capital and the remaining 98% is fulfilled through the loans given and the deposits made by the companys costumes for which commission and interest rates are charged. All this makes the company fully eligible to claim the GST credits as per the received advertising bill Foreign tax offset can be obtained when the person has income from one country where he is a resident of the domestic and the visiting country. In this scenario, the person contained income from more than a country and even expenses are done in this regard. As per Hopewell (2012), the offset is provided in the following cases The person in question has paid foreign income tax from the income generated in the foreign country that means income is already paid The person in question has included foreign income in the overall assessed income for the computation of income tax. Expenses pertains a totality of domestic and foreign income Tax that is paid in foreign country is set off in regard to total tax liability Regrouping of figures are done References Barcokzy, S 2010, Australian Tax Casebook, CCH Australia Ltd Fullerton,I.G, Deutsch, R, Friezer, M.L, Hanley,P Snape, T 2017, The Australian Tax Handbook Tax Return Edition 2017, Thomson Reuters: Australia Fullerton,I.G, Deutsch, R, Friezer, M.L, Hanley,P Snape, T 2017, The Australian Tax Gilders, T Walpole, B.C 2016, Understanding Taxation Law 2016, LexisNexis Hopewell, L 2012, Australia tax inquiry opens submissions, viewed 12 September 2017, www.zdnet.com.au. Kenny, P, Blissenden, M, Villios, S 2017, Australian Tax 2017, Thomson Reuters: Australia Khadem, S 2017, News Australia loses appeal in Federal Court on $15m tax bill, viewed 12 September 2017 https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/news-australia-loses-appeal-in-federal-court-on-15m-tax-bill-20170609-gwnz0b.html Kobestky, M 2005, Income Tax: Text, Materials and Essential Cases, Sydney: The Federation Press Nethercott, L, Richardson, G Devos,K. 2013, Australian Taxation Study Manual, Sydney. Pratt, J. W Kulsrud, W N 2013, Federal Taxation, Oxford university press. Sadiq, K, Coleman, C , Hanegbi, R, Jogarajan,S, Krever, R, Obst, R, Teoh, J Ting, A 2017, Principles of Taxation Law 2017, Law book Australia

Psychotherapy Matrix Essay Essay Example

Psychotherapy Matrix Essay Essay Axia College Material Appendix C Psychotherapy Matrix Directions: Review Modules 34 and 36 of Psychology and Your Life. After reviewing the major classifications of psychological disorders, select three approaches to summarize. Include examples of the types of psychological disorders appropriate for each therapy. Psychodynamic Therapy ApproachBehavioral Therapy ApproachCognitive Therapy Approach Summary of ApproachPsychodynamic Therapy seeks to bring unresolved past conflicts and unacceptable impulses from the unconscious into the conscious, where patients may deal with the problems more effectively. Psychoanalysis Freudian Psychotherapy in which the goal is to release hidden unconscious thoughts and feelings in order to reduce their power in controlling behavior. †¢Resistance is an inability or unwillingness to discuss or reveal particular memories, thoughts, or motivations. †¢Transference is the transfer to a psychoanalyst feeling of love or anger that had been originally directed to a patient’s parents or other authority figures. Now psychoanalyst approaches tends to be shorter duration, usually lasting no longer than three months or 20 lessons. Where therapist puts less emphasis on a patients past history and childhood, concentrating instead on an individual’s current relationships and specific complaints. (Feldman, 2010, p. 429-440). Behavioral Therapy builds on the basic processes of learning, such as reinforcement and extinction, and assumes that normal and abnormal behaviors are both learned. Classical Conditioning treatments †¢Aversive conditioning Is a form of therapy that reduces the frequency of undesired behavior by pairing an aversive, unpleasant stimulus with We will write a custom essay sample on Psychotherapy Matrix Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Psychotherapy Matrix Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Psychotherapy Matrix Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Undesired behavior. †¢Systematic desensitization: A behavioral technique in which gradual exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus is paired with relaxation to extinguish the response of anxiety Exposure A behavioral treatment for anxiety in which people are confronted, either suddenly or gradually, with a stimulus that they fear. †¢Dialectical behavior therapy A form of treatment in which the focus is on getting people to accept who they are, regardless of whether it matches their ideal. (Feldman, 2010, p. 429-440). Cognitive Therapy teaches people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional cognitions about the world and themselves. †¢Cognitive treatment approaches Treatment approaches that teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional cognitions about the world and themselves. †¢Cognitive-behavioral approach Is a treatment approach that incorporates basic principles of learning to change the way people think †¢Rational-emotive behavior therapy Is a form of therapy that attempts to restructure a person’s elief system into a more realistic, rational, and logical set of views by challenging dysfunctional beliefs that maintain irrational behavior. (Feldman, 2010, p. 429-440). Disorders appropriate for this therapy†¢Anxiety Ex. When I was a child I had a fear to speak in public, because once I had to sing in front of the school, and because I was nervous I forgot part of the song and my friends laugh at me. Since then speak ing in public is been an issue, because I did not confronted. †¢Anxiety †¢Phobias †¢Compulsions †¢Fear Ex. Let’s say I am afraid of heights, if I go through an exposure treatment, I will confront this problem little by little until I feel comfortable to go on a building and not have fear at all. †¢Anxiety disorders †¢Depression †¢Eating Disorders Ex. When a person has goals and don’t turned the way they want. As a result depression and negative feelings start coming out of this person. To the point they feel they can not accomplish anything on life. References Feldman, R. S. (2010) Psychology and your life. New York: McGraw Hill.

Dysphoria and Other Dys- Words

Dysphoria and Other Dys- Words Dysphoria and Other Dys- Words Dysphoria and Other Dys- Words By Maeve Maddox A reader has asked for a post on dysphoria. Dysphoria is the opposite of euphoria. Whereas euphoria is a feeling of well-being, dysphoria is a state marked by feeling of unease or discomfort. Perhaps the most familiar type of dysphoria comes from pangs of conscience: the bad feeling in the pit of one’s stomach that results from having done something unkind or dishonest. Embarrassment is another kind of dysphoria, as is the sense of let-down that follows the euphoria felt by drug addicts and thrill seekers when the source of pleasure is withdrawn. Some psychologists have adopted the term â€Å"gender dysphoria† in place of â€Å"gender identity disorder (GID)† to describe the feelings of people who experience a sense that there’s a mismatch between their bodies and their genders. English contains dozens of words that begin with dys-. The prefix denotes the meaning of bad or difficult. Most dys- words are scientific terms, many of them dealing with pathologies. A few have entered the common general vocabulary. Here are the most commonly heard dys- words: dysentery (noun): an often epidemic or endemic disease characterized by severe diarrhea. dysfunctional (adjective): impaired, not functioning as it should. dyslexia (noun): a learning disability characterized by varying difficulties in processing written language. dyspepsia (noun): severe indigestion. Figuratively, dyspepsia, together with its adjective form dyspeptic, refers to ill humor. For example, â€Å"Then it would be dismissed as a non-issue despite the fact that invariably the dyspetic editors of The Daily Mail would turn out to be proven correct!† dysplasia (noun): an abnormal growth or development. In dogs,  hip dysplasia  is an abnormal formation of the hip socket that, in its more severe form, can eventually cause crippling lameness and painful arthritis of the  of the joints. dystopian (adjective): oppressive and miserable. The word dystopia is the opposite of utopia, a word coined to represent an ideal human society. Motion pictures that show a future in which people are oppressed by an intrusive government are said to present â€Å"a dystopian vision of the future.† dystrophy (noun): a wasting away of the body. Muscular dystrophy is a disorder characterized by progressive weakness and wasting of skeletal muscles. Here are some less common dys- words that a few writers may find useful: dysgenic (adjective): exerting a detrimental effect on the race, tending towards racial degeneration. dyskinesia (noun): impaired motion. dysmenorrhea (noun): painful menstruation. dysphagia (noun): difficulty in swallowing. dysphonia (noun): impairment of the voice. dysrhythmia (noun): disordered rhythm in the brain waves. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Regarding Re:A While vs AwhileEnglish Grammar 101: Prepositions

Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice and antisemitism as shown in the Essay

Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice and antisemitism as shown in the treatment of Shylock - Essay Example But unlike Marlowe, Shakespeare endowed his villain Shylock with some very human qualities that evoke much sympathy. (Glock, 144-50) The result is an ambivalence toward Shylock that makes his role one of the most dramatically complex and compelling among all of Shakespeare's characters, and one that reinforces the sense of this work as a problem play. (Oldrieve, 87) Next to Hamlet, The Merchant of Venice is Shakespeare's most frequently performed play. The reason for its apparent popularity may be in part because it is perennially a required text set for national examinations that students in British secondary schools take. It is less popular in the United States because of the anti-Semitism that the play incorporates, although many producers, directors, and actors have argued that while the play contains elements of anti-Semitism, it is not in itself anti-Semitic. Recently, some scholars have tried to show that, on the contrary, Shakespeare explores ways to reconcile the age-old antagonisms between Christians and Jews.( Glock, 144-50) Shylock, of course, is not the only important character in The Merchant of Venice, which takes its title from Antonio, the Venetian merchant who borrows from Shylock to help his friend, Bassanio. Portia, the rich heiress whom Bassanio courts, is another major character, and the relationship between her and her suitors also raises important moral issues. Unfortunately, in the history of anti-Semitism, Shylock has since become a symbol for a heartless, money-grubbing Jew. Heartless he may be in act 4, but earlier he offers Antonio a loan at no interest in an attempt to win his friendship (1.3.134-37). Usury is the lending of money at interest. It was considered to be inappropriate for a Christian to do this, and as a result, Jews who were in the business of usury were looked down upon. Antonio, who lends money freely, appears to be the charitable Christian, in contrast to Shylock, who preys upon the hardship of others in order to further increase his own material wealth. The perception created by Antonio's argument is that Shylock hates someone for their following a Christian virtue, which implies that Shylock is against Christianity. The demonization of Shylock proceeds by three stages: Shylock is stripped of his name. In the entire play his referred to by name only three times; in the trial scene, the Duke twice identifies him by name, and Portia does so once. In the course of the rest of the play he is called "the Jew" or "dog Jew"(II,viii,14) or "currish Jew"(IV,I,133-34). Shylock is reduced to something other than human. Gratiano curses Shylock with "O, be thou damned, inexecrable dog!"(IV,i,128) Shylock is equated with the devil. In (II,ii,24-28), Launcelot Gobbo identifies Shylock as "a kind of devil", "the devil himself", and "the very devil incarnation". The images of Jews as blood-thirsty murderers of Jesus who snatch innocent Christian children for slaughter in bizarre Passover rituals seems to provide a potent back-drop for the demonic traits heaped upon Shylock in The Merchant of Venice. Shylock is characterized nearly throughout the play as an evil, murderous man. This image of him is supported by the excessive bloodlust that Shylock exhibits. (Rosen, 89-93) The audience is made to hate Shylock early on. In Act 1, scene 3, Shylock tells

Research proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Research Proposal Example The main reason for conducting this research proposal is to find out the importance of outdoor activities in Kamloops. There have been a growing number of recreational facilities over the last ten years in Kamloops. Bilton (14) also argue that most of these recreational centers are utilized during summer time. This proposal will seek out to find information pertaining to the reason why many people prefer visiting outdoor activities during summer time. Many researchers argue that most people in the British Columbia, Canada prefer going for outdoor activities in their home country rather than foreign countries (Bilton 14). What main reasons could be attributed to this preference? The deep engagement of this question and others will establish the reasons why native outdoor recreation facilities are preferred. From the government’s point of view, outdoor activities help them in earning revenue that they use to provide goods and services to the nationals. However, questions have been arising, whether they are undertaking the necessary steps to control and promote these recreational facilities. External markets also exist and they seek to attract as many customers as possible, regardless of their localities. Therefore, the role of the government in this exercise should also be established. What do the residents of Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada, as well as the state stand to gain from these outdoor exercises? The examination of the accruing benefits is virtually important. Establishing the benefits may also give a glimpse on what to expect in terms of sales and customers. For effective implementation of these activities, positive effects should outweigh the negative effects (Pender et al. 35). On establishing the various significances that relate to outward exercises, various stakeholders can now take the necessary steps and measures to boldly expand their activities and improve on

Represent men and women Essay Example for Free

Represent men and women Essay Through the course of British history, the group in power has had control over communication. In this case and most it is the male gender that maintains control of communication, which is why there are many injustices in the English language towards the way that men and women are represented. There are language injustices towards gender, which include, forms of address, generics and derogatory terms as well as loaded language and gender based suffixes. Since we have simply inherited this sexist language instead of creating it, we should surely not be perpetuating out-of date archaic language. Many of these issues need to be addressed if we are to avoid gender stereotypes and maintain equality amongst both sexes. The issues can be noted in such minor parts of grammar such as pronouns but these are quite important in representing gender. A perfect example of this is in phrase his and hers (normally referring to something such as bath robes belonging to a couple). Here the masculine pronoun his is placed before the feminine pronoun. Many could say that this is sexist but it simply is due to the history of male domination in the English language. This proves the Reflectionist model, which said that language was a symptom rather than a cause of social divisions. However, in some ways language could also be a cause of social divisions. This would only be the case after language was a symptom of Social divisions. For example, the female under-representation in language is caused by the male control (symptom). However, the language therefore makes women feel excluded (cause). Brooks (1983), Dayhoff (1983), Hyde (1984) all researched the reaction to the idea of the generic he, where the default assumption is that someone is male or masculine. Their research suggests that men feel included and women feel excluded, in some cases alienated. The generic he is the theory that he has gained common usage through history. However, the common usage of this term can cause women to feel excluded by the term, men to feel subject to prejudicial treatment by language (i. e. when talking about criminals, drug-users etc), men to be seen as the standard by which we must assess everything (default assumption). Furthermore, gender stereotypes will carry on existing unless the generic he and default assumption are changed to reach a more neutral standpoint. This is why one has to specify when not following the default assumption, such as in the cases of male nurses and lady doctors. Mackay and Fulkerson also noted in 1979 that women rarely judged sentences, which contained the generic he although they referred intentionally to women. This was even the case when the examples suggested female such as a nurse must frequently help his patients out of bed. In some ways this suggests that many women have become accustomed to the idea of the generic he. However, one done a year earlier by Moulton, Robinson and Elias contradicted this research theory. They asked a number of students to write brief stories about people mentioned in stimulus sentences. On some of the students they used a sentence containing the generic he and on the others they used a sentence, which didnt. They found that the ones who read the sentence containing the generic he more often wrote about male characters than the others. However, when I performed this experiment along with my class we found no real difference. This original theory could be wrong, but I think that they have simply over-generalised since the effect of the generic he can depend on the person or people in question. What is important, however, is that the generic he is offensive to both men and women and so it usage should therefore be restricted or prevented. Many believe that the best option should be too avoid offence by not using single sex terms where necessary and try to be politically correct towards language representation. However, although political correctness is intended to be polite and respectful it can seem to be parodic and often hyperbolic. Thus, there are often mockeries of politically correct language, which suggest that some people are unwilling to inherit it. For example, sometimes words such as camerawoman deliverywoman are used in order to seem politically correct. Unfortunately, both seem humorous as the syllabacy (in the case of deliverywoman) or the usage (in the case of camerawoman) seems unusual and slightly ridiculous. People have become so familiar with the use of -man on the end of many words that it is pronounced as m(a)n instead of m(ae)n. Subsequently, some people believe that -man is a suffix and not a word because of the change in pronunciation. For many this is why -woman sounds inappropriate as -man has had a pronounced change to form a suffix whereas -woman is already said as wom(a)n so it will be harder for it to change in to a suffix. This seems to be why the feminine suffixes -ess and -ette as in actress and usherette. However, these sort of terms can seem derogatory and diminutive because they are following the generic he and therefore have to create feminine term for such unisex occupations as actors, ushers and authors. Surely, the first male term should be kept and applied to both sexes. Some professions already have a universal name such as in the case of Doctors and writers although when describing a female in one of these professions, some may say lady doctors or women writers. There are also the odd occasions when man is a prefix such as in mankind. In reality this word should be adapted to humankind to maintain a neutral meaning Furthermore, it is important to use neutral words in this society to maintain equality between the two sexes. Therefore, words such as chairman should be changed to chairperson or chairholder and fireman should be changed to fire fighter. The supreme effability principle states that language can convey any thought or meaning, which humans may want to communicate. This is why vocabulary is constantly being developed to reflect new ideas advances. This would mean that people would begin to use more neutral words and phrases as the stress for gender equality continues in modern society. This idea of course feeds back to Edward Sapir and Franz Boas Reflectionist model in that the language will become more neutral towards gender as society does. However, forms of address still seem to be archaic in modern day society and only recently have people attempted to rectify it. For example, the female title Ms was introduced quite recently to create a female term with the same semantics as the male equivalent Mr. Before the creation of this word, women had to use the terms Mrs or miss. These would signify the womans marital which was unfair when the men only had one single term so they could hide their own marital status. So, the phrase Mr and Mrs is pejorative to the woman, as they have to show their marital status yet their husband does not. An alternative to this phrase would be Mr and Ms. The phrase ladies and gentlemen is also unjust as it refers to women in a neutral way and men in a complimentary, hyperbolic way. To combat this an alternative would be Lords and ladies or something to a similar effect. The couplet of words master and mistress used to have equal meanings when established but now the masculine word master has developed connotations of power and control (this explains the verb to master) whereas the feminine word mistress has had a semantic change and developed sexual connotations. This phrase should simply be avoided since it has been used for centuries and will soon be archaic as the meanings of the two words are so different. As Shirley and Edwin Ardener researched, the male gender have been in a position of power and so have developed injustices in the English language such as the abundance of words describing which have sexual connotations. D. Bolinger did a test to compare the connotations of words that described men and women. I followed this idea and found out that about 50% of the words chosen for women had sexual connotations whereas it was only about 25% for men. Words like slut tart babe were copious in the list of words describing women This shows that womens sexuality is over-represented in language whereas forms of address for women are seriously limited On the other hand mens sexuality is under-represented in language whereas forms of address for men are almost over-represented. This is all due to the fact men held the power to control language through English history. In truth more words with positive connotations will begin to spring up which describe women as the weight of equality shifts to the middle. However, part of the reason that there are still so many words describing womens sexuality is because the media still include many derogatory terms relating to womens sexuality. The television, radio, newspapers, films and magazines still include the sexuality of women since it includes loaded language relating to sex that interests the public. On the other hand, newspapers should avoid infanticization by using derogatory terms like sex kitten when describing women. This seems to unjust since these types of terms would not be used on men since these terms fit the female stereotype. They are normally infanticizing diminutives, which also have sexual connotations. Furthermore, less words describing men as the dominant sex should be used and newspapers should avoid using words describing mens sexuality that are almost complimentary such as a stud. English language does have many gender injustices, according to forms of address, affixes, pronouns and generic descriptions. These all have words that portray men in a more positive light than women. However, unlike most other romance languages, English is far more neutral in the fact that words do not have gender. This means words cannot be associated with a certain gender only their meaning can. Furthermore, most of the problems can be easily fixed as the language evolves.

Femme Fatales of English Literature Essay -- Symbolism Seduction Women

Femme Fatales of English Literature The femme fatale, a seductive woman who entices men into perilous and compromising positions by way of charisma and mystery, is a classic, and often enthralling, character who can be found in many sources of literature and mythology of various origins and eras (â€Å"Femme Fatale† 1). â€Å"If the goddess of virtue is a lily and the vamp is an overripe red rose, the femme fatale is a Venus flytrap.† (Billinghurst 1). In the simple quote above, Ms. Jane Billinghurst, author of â€Å"Temptress†, provides explanation of the femme fatale by way of metaphor, likening the way in which the Venus flytrap, or Dionaea muscipula, succeeds in obtaining its next meal by way of temptation to the likeness of the femme fatale, using temptation to secure her victims, thus leading to unescapable doom (Venus’s fly-trap 1). â€Å"Temptress†, whose pages and cover alike overflow with a lavish visual collection of photographs, paintings and illustrations of the femme fatale, examines the extraordinary and fascinating history of sexual, or sexualised, women and the journey taken in receiving the infamous title of the femme fatale. This symbolic figure exists in numerous varying forms and can be found in virtually every society or culture throughout history. It is the femme fatale’s infamous aura of mystery, temptation and charms that provides the intense magnetism of this deadly female character. One of the most noted and greatly debated fatale characters of literature can be found in the Bible: Eve. â€Å"And the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof; And the rib, which the LORD God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man. And Adam said, this is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man. . . . And Adam called his wife's name Eve; because she was the mother of all living.† (Genesis 2:21 – 3:20). Often viewed as the original and ultimate femme fatale, Eve has come to bear such a title because of her involvement in the fall of humankind and, in turn, the introduction of sin, death and destruction into the world. It is Eve herself who succumbs to the influence of temptation with the persuasion of the evil serpent, which represents Satan, in the Garden of Eden and therefore brings a... ...ncipally the cold, bitter soul of the always-mesmerizing Kathleen Mallory that gains the strongest link to the psychotic seductress type known to literature as the femme fatale (O’Connell). Throughout history the beautiful woman has been adored, loved, praised, and, by some, envied. Men worship what society has defined as an attractive woman. Many times, men even envision these women as supernatural or mystical beings. They have become the focus and subjects of many paintings, poems, legends, tales and stories, and have caused great debate. Considered not only as material beauties, they are often viewed as seductresses who tempt â€Å"innocent† men to their doom. These seductive beauties are labelled femme fatales, women who entice men with their charms and mystery. Such a character is classic, and alluring, and can be found in many sources of literature and mythology (Hass 1). The femme fatale has survived centuries of time, change and movement, and still this female beauty can be found in uncountable forms of literature and mythology. She has survived the turn of civilisation in almost every culture known to human kind, and will continue to live within the psyc hes of human kind.

CIPD Notes Essay

Terms of Reference To investigate how an HR practitioner within East Surrey College (ESC) should ensure that they deliver timely and effective HR services to meet user’s needs. The report was requested by Charles Sleet, HR Director, on 11/11/2013 to be presented on 14/01/2014. Procedure 1. Understanding different customer needs in HR. 2. Communicating effectively in HR. 3. Building and maintaining effective service in HR. 1. Two HR colleagues were interviewed in order to determine who the 3 main customers of the HR department were. Furthermore, requests and enquiries that came through to HR were recorded via the same HR colleagues to identify the main needs of the customers during a period of three weeks from 13th November to 4th December. The way in which these needs are prioritised was recorded. 2. A questionnaire was issued to 20 members of staff to discover the most effective communication method. Staff members were chosen through random sampling. 3. An interview was held with the HR Business Partner to gain insight into the main areas of effective service delivery and how it is constructed. Findings 1. Understanding Customers needs After interviews with the two HR Practitioners, the three main customers of the HR Department were identified as follows: Type of customer Key needs Candidates for interview Gaining information on the outcome of their interview A swift pre-employment check process, ensuring a quick start into a new job Heads of Department (HoD) Absence levels of employees Monitoring online training completion Employees Requesting a copy of their own CPD log – these are updated and kept on HR records Enquiring about upcoming training events The HR practitioners highlighted that the needs of different customers may conflict. An example could be a HoD enquiring about the completion of a member of staffs online training courses conflicting with an enquiry coming in at the same time of a staff member urgently trying to find out when the next ‘Teaching and Learning’ forum is due to take place. Maximum service delivery has to be initiated with regards to these needs – therefore the HR practitioners advised on the ways these needs are prioritised. These prioritise are; Timescales – some requests may have longer timescales than others. These timescales therefore contribute to the importance of the arisen needs. Consequence and risk to the company – discovering the consequences and risks to the company helps prioritise incoming needs and enquiries. For example, it would be seen as more important to provide a HoD with an absence level report for their department than it would to advise a member of staff on their current CPD record. 2. Methods of communication After analysing feedback from the completed questionnaires, highlighted below are 3 methods of communication appropriate to employees at ESC at different levels: Communication method Advantages Disadvantages Face-to-face Immediate feedback Gives a personal touch, body language can be read Can use facial expressions to enhance communication Can be lengthy if certain attendees are unavailable to meet No chance to go away and think about an answer No privacy as someone could overhear Email Can take time over response Large amounts of information can be sent e.g. attachments Able to pass on information without interrupting someone Lack of body language and tone Impersonal Emails can be misinterpreted Phone Immediate interaction with someone far away More personal than an email Ability to transfer calls across locations/conference calls Can be disrupted by hindrance of poor signal Lots of details over the phone can be hard to record 3. The key components of effective HR Service Delivery Delivering service on time – SLAs need to be SMART, in particular they should be realistic and achievable. For example, in the HR Department at ESC HR practitioners aim employ a new member of staff in, at most, 4 weeks from the  date they were verbally offered the role. This is important as it earns the department respect and often means customers will look to reply in the same, efficient way. Delivering service on budget – It is important to ensure that you keep within budget but still deliver a high level of service as going over budget can incur costs financially. Costs that need rectifying mean that other areas would then be restricted to an even lower budget. Dealing with difficult customers – Identify the problem, stay calm, and understand how it can be resolved. Handing and resolving complaints – With the secure SLA in place, the query should be met in a timely way to elude complaints. Any complaints that do arise should be dealt with in an equally timely and professional way . Keeping customers in the loop with updates on progress is key. Conclusions 1. ESC use all 3 methods identified (phone, email, face-to-face) to communicate to employees at all levels, making sure the correct method is used 2. Consequences and timescales were key as methods used to prioritise conflicting needs in the workplace. 3. the HR Business Partner delivers and expresses a high level of service that fits with the four outlined objectives.

Influence of Religion on Developing Societies Essay

Religion has always had some influence on civilization. From the past to the present it has shaped the way civilizations interact, communicate and even fight wars. Religion started out with the different complex societies instilling their rules upon families and then allowing those kinds of families to organize into local government systems. Religion influenced economies to flourish and expand so that trade could be developing thus reducing the threat of war among empires. The importance of religion could never be under stated because it’s influence on politics and the different ethnic groups. However the three religions that have affected civilizations throughout the existence of man have been Islam, Judaism and Christianity. I hope to show how those religions shaped the minds of philosophers, scientists and priests throughout the existence of human beings. In my research I also hope to show how religion forced communities to bond with one another in other to worship God the way they would like without the infringing upon someone else views and I hope to show how conflict influenced the politics of every society. This would reveal how religion plays a big part of our lives whether we believe in God or not. This research also will show how religion influences our present world. The three religious beliefs all do their part to establish a foundation in man’s heart to build a better society, culture and communications with one another. Religion will always influence our beliefs, our civilization, and our moral values. Without Religion societies are dead in the water. Islam is an important part of today’s society and culture. Islam is one of the fastest growing religions in our world. From generation to generation this religion has influenced much of the Muslim countries such as those in the Middle East, Europe and even in the United States. Many in the Jewish and Christian communities consider the Muslim religion as being a reason why there is also conflict in the Middle East over a tiny piece of land called Palestine. This was a land in which religion played an important role in the boundaries and communities that existed during that era. However throughout history, the Islamic religion has been in conflict with other religions that were called â€Å"Infidels† because of their unbelievers in following teachings of the Quran as inspired by Muhammad. This has been the main conflict of the religion of the Islamic with other religions and faiths. Mohammad Nafissi (2005) points out: The ideal type of reformation proposed here is capacions enough no include both Christianity and Islam, but it is also sufficiently determinate to retain and explain the distinctive trajectory of Islam and Islamic reformism. At present certain explicit Koranic injunctions and aspects of the Prophet’s tradition, sunna, and the orthodox Islamic law, sharia which purports to synthesize both as a comprehensive set of lasting rules of conduct, apparently stand opposed to central tenants of modernity, gender equality, and equality in law and rights between Muslims and non-Muslims or separation of religion and state. The suggest a prima facie case for the view that Islam is an obstacle to modernity, democracy, and economic progress. (p. 3) Muhammad was influence by some elements of Judaism and Christianity. Both of those religions believed in Monotheism and this had an impact upon the thinking of Muhammad who also taught again idolatry. However Muhammad believed that Jesus Christ was an ordinary prophet just like Peter, Paul and others. Mohammad Nafissi (2005) further notes: The centerpiece of the Islamic reform of Judaism and Christianity was a rationalizing agenda that synthesized them as what can be accurately described as a Judeo-Christianity that anticipated Protestantism in some areas and went beyond it at least in one crucial respect, Mohammad did not deny the ministries of Moses and the Jesus, but claimed to have been sent to purify the corrupted Judaism and Christianity at the time. Jesus was a prophet, but to worship him as a divine was precisely the mark of pagan magic, ignorance, and neglect of the one supreme God that had sent Mohammad and all the preceding prophets. p. 7) This ancient view has been the origin of conflict against Judaism and Christianity to the 21st century. It has caused cultures to collide against each other and millions of innocent people have suffered hardships due to wars, terrorists, bombings, and commendations. Islam is specially has a hatred of Jewish people because of their claims to be God’s chosen people. (Evangeliou, 2003) The Jewish has been the center piece of the nation of Israel for centuries. The nation is one of the tiniest on the planted however it is one of the strongest military and intelligent people in society. Their culture has been studied and copied for ages. Judaism is a religion that can be traced back to the Jewish people that believed in the worship of one God. History showed that in those ancient times many complex societies worshiped different deities. This led to many different groups and communities that had placed status, magic and other strange views that influenced events in that era. Judaism is known in our present society because of the â€Å"first chapter of both the Jewish Torah and the Christian Bible†. (Sanders, et al. , 2006, p. 6) It is also noted the accounts of several events that end up shaping the world then and now. The monotheism belief influenced the heart and spirit of many in the Jewish culture. This is extremely important because of how it was able to grow in influence throughout the ancient world to the world that we live in today. Historical accounts of the Judaism reveal many concepts and practices that many cultures and civilizations still uses today. An example would be the eating of certain kinds of meats for dietary bases; the military planning that enable a young lad name David to defeat the great Philistine champion names Goliath. pg. 72) The development of many methods to help understand our universe and the environment all come gets its foundation from Judaism. The role of religion played in influencing the Jewish woman in loving their family and devoting their lives to God and their homes. Politically, religion was the foundation that influences one section of the tribes of Israel to break from tradition and form their own government. (Para. 2) Religion also influenced economies in the Jewish civilizations. Complex societies were formed that religion could dictate to the rule of law and expand their beliefs to other societies. In my studies I found that the concept of many of the complex Judean societies formed cities and states to maintain some order and to create a form of government that would follow the principles of the Torah that was given by Yahweh. (Bentley, et al. , 2008) Religion influence how the Jewish people traveled and intermingle with other ethnical groups in different parts of the ancient world. However there was another religion that has its part in the influencing its faith into the ancient world. Christianity is the best known for impact upon the world in the ancient era through our present. Christianity is a religion can be traced as far back as the first century. This religion centers on the life Jesus Christ and the early church. It is the belief that Jesus Christ was the son of God who came upon the earth to sacrifice his life to save man from their sins and have everlasting life. This doctrine is unlike from what the Jewish and Islam beliefs are. The Judaism religion still awaits their king to come and save them from this world while Islam followers have a firm belief of Muhammad as being a prophet with the same divinity as Jesus Christ. When you look at the history of Christianity as it is written, accounts indicate that Christianity formed societies, complex communities, armies, and economies all over the world. What I found so interesting was how fast Christianity was able to spread in parts of Europe, Asia, Northern Africa and finally to America. This doctrine affected how people lived, interact, and worked to support themselves. The belief that Christianity offered a deliverance from a world of wars, conflict, diseases, sin, and intolerance is the driving force behind Jesus Christ. Researcher has found that Christianity started around the first century C. E. (Sanders, et al. , 2006 p. 221) The Jewish sects didn’t like how the Roman Empire how they took control of Palestine. (Para. 2). This led to a new to a new religion and the need to have written records pertaining to the words of Jesus Christ. (Pg. 222) History indicates that a Jew named Saul who was â€Å"trained as a rabbi and scholarly religious leader in the Jewish tradition† (Sanders, et al. , 2006 Para. 1) was converted to Christianity on the road to Damascus. After the vision, Saul followed God’s word and changed his name to Paul and became was instrumental in testifying about his experience and converting both Gentiles and Jews to the new religion. What Christianity done is to give communities a foundation to build a culture, government, and economy based on Christian principles. Christianity was somewhat different than Islam and Judaism because it didn’t teach to judge people but allow God to be the one who would judge individuals by the way that person lives his/her life. Some fractions of Islam have a firm belief in going to heaven if they kill innocent people for being unbelievers. This is what makes Christianity stand out among others in the world. Christianity is a bridge to God not to wage war against unbelievers or to force people in communities convert but give the world a new religion based on love, peace and the vision of being delivered from sin. In every era Christianity has influenced the changing of cultures, economies and governments. The role of government in modern times have all developed on the foundation of three principles, either you are of Jewish, Islamic or Christian faiths. Many wars and conflicts have resulted because of the views of their religion beliefs. Scholars and theorists have often debate about the role of religion in the lives of society. This has caused a battle between the three main faiths in today’s societies. Scott Thomas (2002) notes† One of the main debates among theorists of the international relationships is the nature of The social bonds that hold states together as an international society. This debate has Brought together theorists of the otherwise sharply contending schools of neorealist Structuralism. The current versions of the traditions of Thucydides, Machiavelli, Hobbes, And Rousseau) and of neoliberal institutionalism (the contemporary forms of traditions From Grotius, Kant, Bentham, and Rawls). (Pg. 110) This debate involves the resurgence of religion that is dictating the modularization of our global world. It is affecting how we eat, work, build, socialize, and communicate with others. This resurgence is gro wing so fast that it will eventually become one religion. Christianity will be the religion that will dominate the world in our present and generations to come. People see and form their own opinions about religion. When religion can provide a better life for poor, the elderly, the family structure, and then it will achieve it desire. For the worship of God is for the needy, downcast and others that long for a change in their lives. Christianity is the religion that is best suited for the masses. Research indicates, that when communities feel comfortable about being able to worship they have a desire to live better lives, work harder , form interpersonal relationships and become productive in society. Many political leaders throughout the ages have made promises of wealth, religious freedom and equality for all however this has not been the case. Thomas (2002) writes â€Å"The failure of this modernizing mythology to produce what is promised, and the failure of the modernizing secular states it engendered, is evident in what is identified as â€Å"Political decay,† (Para. 5) It is a known fact that people do not trust the words of politicians anymore. This is the reason for the resurgence of Christianity in our communities. If there is no form of Christian beliefs to revive our culture and communities, we are going to suffer a long period of hardships, wars, and famine in our lands. The role of Christianity can help reshape the family structure to re include God in every our lives, educate our children and provide a sense of comfort to individuals that need comfort. It will force government to acknowledge how important Christianity is in establishing a good economy and providing human rights to its people. This is the one religion that can bring communities together and enable fellowship by the methods of salvation through Jesus Christ. Without this happening, the world would be without any laws or righteous government to run it. In other words, societies would be dead in the water.

How Not to Write a Letter of Complaint

How Not to Write a Letter of Complaint Read the following claim letter as if you were in a position to take care of the writers complaint. Then respond thoughtfully to the questions that follow the letter. Letter of Complaint: Mr. E. Manns Problem With the DooDad Plus Mr. E. Mann345 Brooklawn DriveSavannah, Georgia 31419July 7, 2016PresidentHouse of Thingamajigs160 Prospect StreetSavannah, Georgia 31410SUBJECT: Faulty Products and Inferior ServiceDear Mr. or Ms. President:1 I am writing this letter because I couldn’t get anywhere by talking to the manager of your store. Apparently, she never heard of the old saying, â€Å"The customer is always right.†2 It all started in May when I returned the DooDad Plus to your â€Å"customer service† department because it was missing a part. (I don’t suppose that you have ever tried to assemble a DooDad Plus, but it just can’t be done without all the parts.) This guy in customer service was not exactly the sharpest knife in the drawer, but he spent about half an hour tapping on his computer and eventually told me that the missing part should arrive from the warehouse in three to five days. Three to five days- sure.3 Here it is July, and the thing still hasn’t shown up. The summer is half over, and I still haven’t had a chance to use my DooDad Plus. I’ve been down to your â€Å"customer service† department about a million times over the past two months, and every time somebody taps on the computer and smiles and says the missing part is â€Å"en route from the warehouse.† Where in tarnation is this warehouse- Kandahar?4 So today I went down to your so-called store and dragged the so-called manager out of her coffee break to explain that I was giving up. All I wanted was my money back. (Besides, it turns out that I can get a DooDad Plus from Lowe’s for ten bucks less than what I paid you. Ha!) So what does this lady tell me? That it’s â€Å"against store policy† to refund my money because I had already opened the package and started assembling the DooDad!5 This is insane! I have already reported you to the Better Business Bureau. Now, what are you going to do about it?Sincerely,Mr. E. Mann Questions Keeping in mind the advice offered in the article How to Write  a Letter of Complaint, explain whats wrong with the overall tone of Mr. E. Manns letter. How might the writers tone undermine his apparent purpose in writing the letter?What information in this letter should probably be omitted because its not directly relevant to the writers complaint?Some of the information thats typically provided in the opening paragraph of an effective complaint is missing from Mr. E. Manns introduction. What useful information is missing?Offer a critique of the body paragraphs in Mr. E. Manns letter. What useful information is missing? What unnecessary information obscures his claim?Some of the information thats typically provided in the closing paragraph of an effective complaint is missing from Mr. E. Manns conclusion. What useful information is missing?Based on your responses to the questions above, revise Mr. E. Manns letter, altering the tone, clarifying the claim, and omitting unnecessary d etails.

Revamp Your Resume The Top 5 Words to Delete

Revamp Your Resume The Top 5 Words to Delete Okay, okay, its not that you can never use these words, but according to the recruiter experts at Experteer Magazine, HR departments are tired of seeing these same buzzwords repeated on every resume, cover letter, and job application that crosses their desks!MotivatedIf you think about it, saying youre motivated is actually praising your effort over your achievements. An employer expects you to be motivated, first of all, and secondly, you could be incredibly motivated and still produce subpar work. Just think of the never-ending lines to audition for TV talent shows! Being motivated to camp outside a studio for three days doesnt mean youre a great dancer or a talented chef! In your resume, put the focus on your measurable accomplishments instead- try phrases like developed training program or increased client retention or provided dynamic design and content.  CreativeThis is another overused buzzword that has essentially lost most of its meaning. Rather than using an abstract adje ctive, look for active and descriptive verbs to showcase exactly what you did in your past work. Consider delivered new group strategies or produced increased collaboration or modeled innovative problem-solvingEnthusiasticIm guilty of this one all the time- I forget that enthusiastic, like motivated, is a bare-minimum qualification for a new hire, and one that I probably share with the other 500 CVs in the submissions folder. Worst-case scenario, it makes you sound immature and inexperienced, but trying to cover it up by being your own cheerleader. Trade enthusiastic for proactive, experienced, capable, or skilled.Thinks Outside the BoxTime to realize that not all employers actually want someone who thinks outside the box because its often code for cannot work well with others or refuses to learn company procedures because they think they know better. Rather than announcing youre an unconventional thinker, once again refocus on the actual products of all your creative work habits. E xactly what have you developed, created, implemented, or produced?ResponsibleI havent used responsible in a resume since I was applying to babysit my neighbors kids. I was 14 and an overachiever. And I got the job. But now that Im a grownup, I try to focus on leadership attributes and experience. If you must use responsible, tie it directly to job functions, i.e. Responsible for ensuring on-time payment for invoices and vendor expenses, and not as an adjective to describe yourself.  So now that youve erased these snoozy buzzwords from your resume, what will you sue to fill those holes? Experteer suggests these targeted search terms that will make you stand out from your competition instead of blending in with the enthusiastic, motivated, creative crowd!AchievedImprovedTrained/MentoredManagedCreatedInfluencedIncreased/DecreasedNegotiatedLaunchedUnder budget

Challenges in Lobbying strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Challenges in Lobbying strategies - Essay Example Second, service providers usually provide e-mail senders with adequate space for data storage. As such, the sender can store the information for future reference. It is also relatively cheaper for reaching out a large number of people who may be important for successful implementation of the proposed policy. However, relying on e-mail as the main communication media also bears some risks. First, the target recipient might miss the chance to see the crucial information. This is because the message can go directly to the recipient’s spam box. Consequently, there will be permanent communication failure, which translates to policy implementation breakdown. Second, if the recipient does not have access to internet, there may be delayed response to the problem, which is very crucial for the wellbeing of the society. Lastly, emails can be hacked and viruses often impair message delivery process through file corruption. Consequently, it remains clear that email cannot replace face-to-face communication if the message is to be delivered precisely and win the hearts of policymakers. Unlike emails, face-to-face communication gives the message sender the chance to use non-verbal cues to express how grave the matter is (Bailey, Cerio, Stanley & Harp, 2007). Nonetheless, email communication st ill remains a cost effective and fast means of delivering important

Relevance of Individualism in Life Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Relevance of Individualism in Life Today - Essay Example Individuals past thoughts, decisions, and achievements as a success following self-reliance are different as time goes on whereby, other factors contribute towards individualisms such as sociology, western civilization, education, and region. These factors may limit individual’s self-reliance; hence, ideas from a specific person are limited in the society. However, the authors of the articles clearly indicate that is an important virtue in individuals’ lives today.Education is an important aspect of the life of individuals not only on the career perspective but also in recognition of personal weakness and strength in life, which eventually enhances individualism today in a positive way. In the essay of Emerson about self-reliance, it is evident that once a man gets educated, the sense of ignorance of own thoughts in life eventually reveals; hence an individual is able to accept the previous mistakes done because of ignorance. Notably in individuals’ life, it has been observed that ignorance is not because of illiteracy rather it is revealed by literacy for example an individual may ignore the effect of having unprotected sex due to friends influence but once educated on the effects associated, it helps to prevent any future incidence whereby individualism decision will prevail over the peer pressure. This indicates that education enhances individualism today in such a way that through the experiences and required knowledge in life, an individual thinks on his own for his own welfare and decision-making. making. Self-View And the World View In Relation To Individualism Toady The world has different views towards an individual’s problems and achievements with those that the specific person has on

Ratios assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ratios - Assignment Example Average collection period can also be referred to as the number of days the sales are tied up in the accounts receivable. Thus, the average sales per day for the four years have been increasing. A snapshot on the yearly collection period, the year 20X1’s average is half the year 20X2’s average; this is a ratio of 1:2 associated with the increase in net sales by the same ratio. Inventory turnover measures the rate by which the inventory is used annually. From the computation, the rate at which inventory is used annually is 4, which is equal in the four years. This implies that inventory is used equally across the years. Current ratio measures solvency. This is the ratio between current assets and current liabilities. In the year 20X1, they current ratio is 3.333 which implies that for every one dollar of the current liabilities, the company has $3.333 in the current assets. For the year 20X2, the company has $1.90 in the current assets, in 20X3 the company has $1.542 and in 20X4 it has $1.339 in the current assets for every $1 of the current liabilities. This trend has been reducing from the 20X1 to 20X4. Quick ratio measures liquidity which is the number of dollars in cash and account receivable for every single dollar in the current liabilities. For the year 20X1, the company has a quick ratio of 1.333 which means that for every single dollar o current liabilities, the firm has $1.333 in the cash and accounts receivable to pay the liabilities. The trend of quick ratio is decrease from year 20X1 to 20X4, 1.333, 0.7, 0.541 to 0.459. Debt to equity measures the financial risk of the company which is the number of times dollars are owed for every single dollar in the net worth. From the computations, the year 20X1 has a quick to equity of 1.250 which means that for every single dollar of the net worth invested by the stockholders, the company owes $1.250 of the debt to the creditors. Hence, the trend of debt to equity for this

Leadership Management and Motivation in Organisation

Leadership Management and Motivation in Organisation As the century unfolds, new realities are becoming clearer. New models of Leadership and Management are blossoming, some with unfounded success. For instance, focusing on working better as teams and empowering those closest to the customers to make important decisions have led to great accomplishments (Kurtzman, 2010). Management is often referred to words like efficiency, planning, paperwork, procedures, regulations, control, and consistency whereas Leadership is often associated with words like vision, creativity and risk-taking (Yukl, 2005). It has also been said that management is basically a control-laden activity; whereas leadership is basically a value-choosing, and thus a value-laden activity (Bass et al., 1990). Overall Management is defined as The organizational process that includes strategic planning, setting objectives, managing resources, deploying the human and financial assets needed to achieve objectives, and measuring results (Burgoyne, 1989). Leadership is defined as A process in which leader and followers interact in a way that enables the leader to influence the actions of the followers in a non-coercive way, towards the achievement of certain aims or objectives (Rollinson and Broadfield, 2002) In Kotters (1996) view Management relates to planning, controlling and organising whereas leadership relates to visioning, networking, creating, coping with change and building relationship. Leadership is often considered grander, more lucrative and admirable, in a word: better, than the less visible, fundamentally based, management (Hughes et al., 2009). The relationship between management and leadership is summarised in Appendix 1. From this we can argue are managers leaders or vice versa. As Zaleznik (1977) claims that in a bureaucratic society which breeds managers may restrain young leaders who need mentor and emotional interchange to develop. But Raelin (2004) argued that managers are not excluded from leadership. He says there is a potential for leadership to emerge from any individual under the right sets of circumstances. I would argue from my personal experience that managers can be leaders and vice versa depending on individual capabilities, skills and adapting change, as in Lloyds banking Group (LBG) we have managers as our team leaders and are quite successful in switching their roles and understanding the responsibilities of both managers and leaders. The concept was that as managers have some formal authority to influence subordinates behaviour they can easily occupy the role of leadership. However, just because the authority was there, it did not mean that subordinates will willingly assent to its use. There had been issues initially when they find it hard to switch over and look from leaders point of view, which caused problems in bonding with employees and lack of motivation. This resulted in getting all the managers trained on leadership programmes and understanding the needs or requirements of employees from their leaders. This was again based on how individual managers reacted to situations where they were able to keep their managerial ego aside and think as a team. Some of the managers were very good at switching over and thinking from a team perspective whereas some struggled. Overall we can argue that Zaleznik argument regarding management and leadership requires different types of people can be true, if an individual cannot cope with the changing organisation requirements. But in LBG we have seen that managers successfully play leaders role and vice versa to save cost or to adapt change and thus falsify Zalezniks argument. But as Rollinson and Broadfield (2002) often focus on managers can be leaders, this is not an inevitable state of affairs. Even though it is widely assumed that leadership can be taught to anybody, it is probably far more realistic to regard management and leadership as two complementary activities (Kotter, 1988), each one having its own unique functions. Motivation Quality work being top priority in organisations all over world as the use of contingent workers is on the rise. Managing knowledge workers continues to perplex experienced managers across divergent industries. And globalization and the challenges of managing across borders are now the norm instead of the exception. These changes can have a profound influence on how companies attempt to attract, retain, and motivate their employees (Steers et al., 2004) Motivation, in contrast, results when the person believes that engaging in the behaviour will result in some desired experience or outcome. Motivation is then differentiated into intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation (Herzberg et al., 1957) Intrinsic Motivation is where people may be motivated by the relationship between the worker and the task. It takes place when people feel that the work they do is interesting, challenging and have opportunities for advancement and growth. Extrinsic Motivation takes place when people may be motivated by factors in the external environment such as pay, supervision, benefits, and job perks The process of motivation is broadly based on a number of motivational theories. In this paper we will asses few motivational theories (Appendix 2) and asses these theories to identify what motivates people. Instrumental Theory: Initially in the second half of 19th century a concept of Instrumental Theory stated that people work only for money. Motivation using this approach is exclusively based on system of external control and fails to recognise a number of other human needs (Armstrong and Stephens, 2005). Maslow Needs Theory: The basic of this theory is the belief that an unsatisfied need creates tension and disequilibrium. Maslow (1954) formulated the concept of hierarchy of needs and believed that reasons people go to work changes. It starts from the fundamental physiological needs and leads through safety, social and esteems needs to the need for self-fulfilment. He believed that only an unsatisfied need can motivate behaviour and the dominant need is the prime motivator of behaviour. Herzbergs Two-Factor Model (Motivation-Hygiene): Herzbergs (1957) theory sates that the factors giving rise to job satisfaction are distinct from the factors that lead to job dissatisfaction. His research led him to conclude that hygiene factors such as pay, status, security, company policies and administration were rarely high motivators. People tend to take fringe benefits and good working conditions for granted, but when they are removed they had a highly demotivating effect. A salary increase had a short-term motivating effect when it was felt to be deserved, while what was felt to be an unfair salary was a long-lasting demotivator. Overall all these theories adopt a psychologically universal view, which assumes that everyone has a common set of needs and conveys the impression that people are predictable in terms of what motivates them. Moreover all these theories mostly ignore the crucial issue of individual differences and also to the potentially powerful effects of different national and organisational cultures as factors that can shape human needs (Bagher, 2010). In a work environment, it is sometimes viewed as the difference between what people can do and what they will do. In the practical workplace LBG uses various motivation models one of the highly used motivational models is Support and Challenge Principles Model. Support and Challenge Principles Model (Sheppard Moscow, 1980): This model suggests that to achieve working relationship requires a balance of appropriate and agreed supportive and challenging behaviours. The two axes of support and challenge when put together create four potential workplace environments as shown in fig below: High Support Comfortable high S performance performance U environment environment P P O R T apathetic stressful performance performance environment environment CHALLENGE High Challenge To get the most from your working relationships, it is important to agree how best to work together to maximise performance and minimise tension. One way of thinking about this is to think of in the terms of developing a way of working that is both challenging and supportive. The list of behaviours in each of the categories is detailed in Appendix 3. Different roles and situations will use different mixes of these two categories and depending upon the situation, the same individual can find any of these conditions or characteristics supporting or challenging. If the workplace situation remains very comfortable or alphabetic for a long time, then additional challenges will stimulate the move towards high performance. On the other hand if the workplace situation remains very stressful for too long, then support to help manage the implications is highly effective. Though, there will be times when short periods of high challenges or high support are appropriate e.g. at the end of a particular busy period, comfort is a reward and high challenges can be very stimulating and energising in short bursts (LBG, 2011). Managements main interest in motivation is in the prospects it offers for bringing employee behaviour under tight control. Thus what interest managers most is not the process of motivation but employee behaviour. However we can hardly blame managers for believing that motivation theory offers this opportunity, because content and process theories both imply that if we know o persons needs, the person can be motivated (Armstrong and Stephens, 2005). Thus from the above we have seen different aspects of motivation and it might appear that there is an element of contradiction in what they say. Content theories deal with the needs that give rise to motivated behaviour, but perhaps oversimplify matters because they tend to portray human beings as having a homogenous set of needs. Nevertheless, as long as due allowance is made for individual differences, this does not detract from their potential usefulness. Process theories have a different emphasis: they seek to explain the dynamics of the motivation process and so much greater account is taken of individual differences (Bagher, 2010). Leadership Historically, leadership has been conceived around a single individual in a specialised role, the relationship of that individual to subordinates or followers, and the individuals actions. There are several major paradigms of leadership (Appendix 4), such as the traits (great man), skills and styles approaches, situational and contingency approaches, charismatic and transformational approaches (Northouse, 2007, p2; Bass, 1990). Action-Centred Leadership The action-centred theory of leadership is based on extensive research by John Adairs (1984), which focuses on the group and the needs that leader must meet. Adair argues that there are eight functions you must carry out, to meet these needs. These functions can be learned, practised, observed and refined. Source: (Bagher, 2010: 186) Task need: A team leader needs to bring together the group to achieve a task by providing clear instructions and reasons so each member must know and understand what is expected of them. Team need: Good leaders create groups which function best when they share the sense of purpose along with collaborating work efficiently, effectively, with a sense of pride and responsibility by maintaining or setting new standards. Individual need: People or individuals are heart of any team but they have physical and psychological needs like better working conditions, status, opportunities to develop, build confidence and motivation. From this it follows that being effective as a leader is not just a matter of choosing a specific style of behaviour, but arriving at an appropriate balance between the three functions. Encouraging communication between team members is key to creating a team that will continue to work well when the leader is absent. This resilience is valuable and might be referred to as team sustainability. Leadership Power The link between leadership and power is a strong one and many of the theories of leadership can equally be framed as theories of power. Effective leading depends on relying on different power bases at different times as per need. At its simplest, the way you wield power to get compliance can be appropriate or inappropriate. Appropriate use of power can be described as influence, while inappropriate use can be described as bullying. Source: French and Raven (1960) References Armstrong, M. and Stephens, T. (2005) Employee Reward Management and Practice, London: Kogan Page Limited. Bagher, M. (2010) Organisational Behaviour: a contemporary approach, 2nd Edition, Harlow: Pearson. Bass, B., Bass, B. and Stogdill, R. (1990) Bass Stogdills Handbook of Leadership, New York: Simon Schuster. Burgoyne, J. (1989) Management Development: Context and Strategies, Aldershot: Gower. Herzberg, F., Mausner, B. and Snyderman, B. (1957) The Motivation to Work, New York: Wiley Hughes, R., Ginnett, R. and Curphy, G. (2009) Leadership, 6th ed., Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Kotter, J. (1988) The Leadership Factor, New York: Free Press. Kotter, J. P. (1996) Leading Change, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Kurtzman, J. (2010) Common Purpose: How Great Leaders Get Organizations to Achieve the Extraordinary, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Maslow, A. (1954) Motivation and Personality, New York: Harper Row. Raelin, J. A. (2004) Dont bother putting leadership into people, Academy of Management Executive, 18(3): 12-28. Rollinson, D. and Broadfield, A. (2002) Organisational Behaviour and Analysis: An Integrated Approach, Harlow: FT Prentice Hall. Steers, R., Mowday, R. and Shapiro, D. (2004) The Future of Work Motivation Theory, Academy of Management Review, 29(3): 379-387. Yukl, G. (2005) Leadership in Organizations, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Zaleznik, A. (1977) Managers and Leaders: are they different?, Harvard Business Review, (May/June) 55(3): 67-77. French, J. P. R., and Raven, B. (1960) The bases of social power. In D. Cartwright and A. Zander (eds.), Group dynamics (pp. 607-623), New York: Harper and Row. Appendix 1 A Comparison of Management and Leadership Competencies. Source: Northouse, 2007, p. 10. Appendix 2 Summary of Motivation Theories and their practical implications Theory Theorist Summary of theory Practical implications Instrumentality Taylor People will be motivated to work if rewards and penalties are tied directly to their performance. Conceptual basis of incentives and pay for performance schemes. Needs Maslow Unsatisfied needs create tension and disequilibrium. To restore the balance a goal is identified which will satisfy the need, and a behaviour pathway is selected which will lead to the achievement of the goal. Only unsatisfied needs motivate. Identifies a number of key needs for consideration in developing total reward policies. Two-Factor Herzberg The factors giving rise to job satisfaction (and motivation) are distinct from the factors that lead to job dissatisfaction. Any feeling of satisfaction resulting from pay increase is likely to be short-lived compared with the long-lasting satisfaction from the work itself. Makes a distinction between intrinsic motivation arising from the work itself and extrinsic motivation provided by employer, e.g. pay. A useful distinction is made between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation which influences total reward decisions. The limited motivational effects of pay increases are worth remembering when considering the part contingent pay can play in motivating people. Expectancy Vroom Motivation is likely only when a clear perceived and usable relationship exists between performance and outcome and the outcome is seen as a means of satisfying needs. Provides the foundation for good practice in the design and management of contingent pay. The basis for the concept of the line of sight which emphasises the importance of establishing a clear link between the reward and what has to be done to achieve it. Goal Latham and Locke Motivation and performance are higher when individuals are set specific goals, when the goals are difficult but accepted and when there is feedback on performance. Provides a theoretical underpinning for performance management processes to ensure that they contribute to motivation through goal setting and feedback. Equity Adams People will be better motivated if they are treated equitably and de-motivated if they are treated inequitably. Emphasis the need to develop an equitable reward system involving the use of job evaluation. Source: (Armstrong and Stephens, 2005) Definitions of key Job Dimensions Job Dimensions Definition Work Satisfaction: The extent to which an employee is satisfied with work, including opportunities for creativity and task variety, allowing an individual to increase his or her knowledge, changes in responsibility, amount of work, security, and job enrichment (Balzer and Smith et al, 1990; Smith et al, 1969) Pay Satisfaction: The extent to which an employee forms an attitude toward pay based on perceived difference between actual pay and the expected pay. Expected pay is based on the value of perceived inputs and outputs of the job and the pay of other employees holding similar jobs or possessing similar qualifications (Balzer and Smith et al, 1990) Supervision Satisfaction: The extent to which an employee is satisfied with his or supervision, as measured by consideration and employee-centred actions of the supervisor and the perceived competency of the supervisor by the subordinate (Balzer and Smith et al, 1990, Herzberg et al, 1957) Satisfaction with promotions: The degree to which an employee is satisfied with the Companys promotion policy, including frequency of promotions, and the desirability of promotions (Balzer and Smith et al, 1990, Herzberg et al 1957) Co-workers Satisfaction: The work-related interaction and the mutual liking or admiration of fellow employees (Bazler and Smith et al, 1990, Smith et al, 1969, Alderfer, 1969) Overall Job Satisfaction: The extent to which an individuals desires, expectations and needs are fulfilled by employment (Szilagi, Sims, and Terrill, 1977) Appendix 3 WHEN SUPPORTING EXPLORE Ideas Build on STRENGTHS Offer HELP and guidance Ask OPEN questions LISTEN actively Give PRAISE DISCLOSE similar experiences TRUST intentions WHEN CHALLENGING Ask PROBING questions Point out AVOIDANCE behaviour Offer ALTERNATIVE opinions Tell people what you EXPECT Share FEELINGS State COSEQUENCES Set STRETCHING targets ASSERT your views Having Things Like Resources Time Funding Direction Guidance Assistance Ideas Tools or Methods Willing collaborators A climate of openness and honesty Emotional support Having Things Like Confronting feedback from others New opportunities Unfamiliar grounds Doing things in a different way Working with fresh people Learning new behaviours New tools or processes Demanding stakeholders High work volumes Tight timescales Personal ambition

Inclusion Effective or Ineffective Essay -- Teaching Public Education

Inclusion Effective or Ineffective Since the 1980's more and more school have began to practice the technique of inclusion in their classrooms. Inclusion is a term which expresses commitment to educate each child to the maximum extent appropriate, in the classroom he or she would otherwise attend.( Education Resources. "Special Education" Inclusion. "www.weac.org/resource/june96/speced.htm. Nov 15, 1998).Most schools began this process by main streaming. Main streaming is usually refers to the selective placement of special education students in one or more "regular" education classes.(Education Resources...)For example a student with a learning disabilities would have some classes in the "regular"classroom and other classes would be segregated. The idea is that eventually they would be able to be completely included in the "regular"class. There is one more term that will be helpful in the understanding of this paper and that is full inclusion. Full inclusion means that all students, no matter what their handicap, will be in a "regular"classroom full time.( Education Resources...) The general difference between main streaming and inclusion is that people in favor of main streaming believe that a child with disabilities first belongs in the special education environment and that the child must earn his or her way into the "regular" education environment. Those who support inclusion believe that the child always should begin in the "regular" environm...

City lifestyle vs country lifestyle

Reading Response practice 38. 8 Why is it that we have so many foreign-born children continuing to speak only their native language and not a scent of English? How successful has bilingual education been? They do live in this country after all, so shouldn't English be their second language? A perfect example to this problem is in the short essay, â€Å"No Comprehend'. Musical describes how hard it Is for foreign children to learn English In public schools, when the only thing being taught to them Is their native language.This frustrates her because the only thing holding back a student's dream, Is not knowing how to communicate with the same language. She believes that this wouldn't be a problem If only bilingual education programs did their Job and made sure that each student completed the English course. It is absolutely crucial for bilingual language programs to stop their limitations and focus on the problems. In the article, â€Å"Current Problems in Bilingual Education† ,Jose Gardens, a Hispanic born native, addresses the ten most common problems in bilingual education programs.One that stuck out the most is the Premature Transition to English. The reason why I found this one so interesting was because it shows that each student transition to a new language can be accomplished at the same time. Because of this, most students are failing to finish the program and it leaves them back to square one. I believe that this Is a huge Issue today, and if given enough attention, It could be fixed. The fact that 40 percent of Hispanics don't graduate high school because they lack proficiency In English Is outrageous. That should never be a reason.I blame the programs, and public schools that allow other native languages to be spoken on campus. If a student is trying to learn how to speak English but is being spoken to in their native language, then how are they ever going to learn? Thieve not. We spend all this time in schools that it should be just as easy t aking a science course as it is learning English. Should the programs and community pay more attention to English course classes, then the problem would be resolved and another child's dream wouldn't be rushed. City lifestyle vs. country lifestyle By illegality English A -err Practice 38. Education been? They do live in this country after all, so shouldn't English be their Comprehend'. Musical describes how hard it is for foreign children to learn English in public schools, when the only thing being taught to them is their native language. This frustrates her because the only thing holding back a student's dream, is not wouldn't be a problem if only bilingual education programs did their Job and made he article, â€Å"Current Problems in Bilingual Education†, Jose Gardens, a Hispanic born this is a huge issue today, and if given enough attention, it could be fixed.The fact that 40 percent of Hispanics don't graduate high school because they lack proficiency in English is outr ageous. That should never be a reason. I blame the programs, and language, then how are they ever going to learn? They're not. We spend all this time in schools that it should be Just as easy taking a science course as it is learning